This is probably a copy of the Bible translated from Hebrew and Greek texts by American Protestant missionaries E. Smith and C.V.A. Van Dyck in 1864. Inside the cover is a handwritten list in English entitled 'American Missionaries in Egypt'.
This version of the bible used a printing style that shows letters both vertically and horizontally, no doubt making it quite hard to read.
Books like this show how many societies have recognised the power of the written word to spread ideas and beliefs across cultures and countries