Basic rules and in-text elements
- Reference list
- In-text citations, including quotations
- Author variations
- Citing a source within a source (secondary sources)
- Personal communication
- Tables and figures (including charts, graphs, images and pictures)
Topic
APA style 7th edition
21 September 2023
The American Psychological Association (APA) style is widely used at UC.
HOW TO APPLY
APA includes a reference list at the end of the document for all in-text citations, and in-text citations to identify briefly the sources you have paraphrased or quoted.
New to APA?
- Try the Introduction to APA Referencing (UC Library AKO | LEARN module).
- Download the APA 7th Quick Guide (PDF, 829KB).
- Download the Scaffolded Reference Elements Worksheet (PDF, 146KB).
Reference types
- Books and edited book chapters
- Journal articles
- Audiovisual material (films, videos, YouTube, radio, television episodes)
- ChatGPT and other AI models and software (APA Style Blog) | Generative AI with UC assignments
- Conference papers
- Encyclopedias and dictionaries
- Informally published works (online research repositories, eprints)
- Lecture notes, Echo360 and PowerPoint slides on AKO | LEARN
- Legal resources (cases, Acts, Bills, regulations, Hansard, AJHR, Laws of New Zealand, treaties, Waitangi Tribunal)
- Music (recordings, scores)
- Newspaper articles
- Reports and government publications
- Social media (Facebook, Instagram, X)
- Standards
- Theses
- Webpages on websites
APA style is based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). The 7th edition of APA was published in October 2019.
