Referencing style

Books and edited book chapters

11 October 2023

HOW TO APPLY

In this section:

General format
Without a DOI or any URL accessible to all readers
With a DOI
With no DOI but with a URL accessible to all readers

General format

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book (#th ed.). Publisher. DOI OR URL OR nothing

Authors: Last name, initials.

See Author Variations for general rules and works with several authors.

Year: Copyright year.

Title:

In italics.
Capitalise only the first word of the title and of the subtitle and also proper nouns.

Edition:

Omit a 1st edition.
Use the abbreviation Rev. ed. for a revised edition, 2nd rev. ed. for a second revised edition and so on.

Publishers: Separate multiple publishers with a semicolon (; ).

DOI or URL:

Print books:
- Include the DOI if available, otherwise add nothing after the publisher or publishers.
Ebooks:
- Include the DOI if available.
- If there is no DOI, include the URL only if it is accessible for all readers. Do not use a URL from AKO | LEARN or a library database. If there is no DOI or accessible URL, add nothing after the publisher or publishers.

Authored book or ebook without a DOI or any URL accessible to all readers

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book (#th ed.). Publisher.

Cox, R. C., & Gould, M. H. (1998). Civil engineering heritage: Ireland. T. Telford Publications.

Veseth, M. (2010). Globaloney 2.0: The crash of 2008 and the future of globalization (2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.

Parenthetical citations: (Cox & Gould, 1998, p. 42; Veseth, 2010, pp. 56–63)
Narrative citations: Cox and Gould (1998, p. 42) and Veseth (2010, pp. 56–63)
See also the section on Citing a Part of a Source.

Authored book or ebook with a DOI

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book (#th ed.). Publisher. DOI

Li, Z. (2014). Understanding vision: Theory, models, and data. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199564668.001.0001

Parenthetical citation: (Li, 2014, pp. 11–15)
Narrative citation: Li (2014, pp. 11–15)
See also the section on Citing a Part of a Source.

Authored ebook with no DOI but with a URL accessible to all readers

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book (#th ed.). Publisher. URL

Zizek, S. (2008). Violence: Six sideways reflections. Profile Books. https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=StAeT3DjIyQC

Parenthetical citation: (Zizek, 2008, p. 143)
Narrative citation: Zizek (2008, p. 143)
See also the section on Citing a Part of a Source.

In this section:

General format
Without pagination
Pagination differs between electronic and hard-copy versions
In multivolume edited books – no volume titles
In multivolume edited books – with volume titles

General format

Chapter Author, A. A., & Chapter Author, B. B. (Year). Title of chapter: Subtitle of chapter. In E. E. Editor (Ed.), Title of book: Subtitle of book (#th ed., pp. firstpage#–lastpage#). Publisher. DOI OR URL OR nothing

Chapter Author, A. A., & Chapter Author, B. B. (Year). Title of chapter: Subtitle of chapter. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editor (Eds.), Title of book: Subtitle of book (#th ed., pp. firstpage#–lastpage#). Publisher. DOI OR URL OR nothing

Goddard, E. D. (2007). Cleaner/conditioner systems: Surface chemical aspects. In L. D. Rhein, M. Schlossman, A. O’Lenick, & P. Somasundaran (Eds.), Surfactants in personal care products and decorative cosmetics (3rd ed., pp. 137–147). CRC Press.

Jordan, K. Y. (2004). Gender role. In S. Loue & M. Sajatovic (Eds.), Encyclopedia of women's health (pp. 276–278). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48113-0_174

Lisle, D. (2010). Joyless cosmopolitans: The moral economy of ethical tourism. In J. Best & M. Paterson (Eds.), Cultural political economy (pp. 139–157). Routledge.

Ryan, I., Ravenswood, K., & Pringle, J. K. (2014). Equality and diversity in Aotearoa New Zealand. In A. Klarsfeld, L. A. E. Booysen, E. Ng, I. Roper, & A. Tatli (Eds.), International handbook on diversity management at work: Country perspectives on diversity and equal treatment (2nd ed., pp. 175–194). Edward Elgar Publishing.

Smith, M. L. (2006). Multiple methodology in education research. In J. L. Green, G. Camilli, & P. B. Elmore (Eds.), Handbook of complementary methods in education research (pp. 457–475). American Educational Research Association; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Parenthetical citations: (Goddard, 2007; Jordan, 2004; Lisle, 2010; Ryan et al., 2014; Smith, 2006)
Narrative citations: Goddard (2007), Jordan (2004), Lisle (2010), Ryan et al. (2014), and Smith (2006)

Always include the DOI if available:
- Print books: include the DOI if available, otherwise add nothing after the publisher or publishers.
- Ebooks: include the DOI if available. If there is no DOI, include the URL only if it is accessible for all readers. Do not use a URL from AKO | LEARN or a library database. If there is no DOI or accessible URL, add nothing after the publisher or publishers.

Edited book chapters without pagination

Chapter Author, A. A., & Chapter Author, B. B. (Year). Title of chapter: Subtitle of chapter. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editor (Eds.), Title of book: Subtitle of book (#th ed.). Publisher. DOI OR URL OR nothing

Carlock, A. L., & Lizotte, A. J. (2015). Gangs, guns, and violence: Synergistic effects. In S. H. Decker & D. C. Pyrooz (Eds.), The handbook of gangs. Wiley Blackwell.

Parenthetical citation: (Carlock & Lizotte, 2015)
Narrative citation: Carlock and Lizotte (2015)

When page numbering is not provided, omit this element from the reference; do not use chapter numbers (APA Style Experts [personal communication, April 29, 2022]).

Edited book chapters whose pagination differs between electronic and hard-copy versions

Electronic version

Kim, J. S., & Froerer, A. S. (2018). Intersection of SFBT and trauma. In A. Froerer, J. von Cziffra-Bergs, J. Kim, & E. Connie (Eds.), Solution-focused brief therapy with clients managing trauma. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190678784.003.0002

Hard-copy version

Parenthetical citation: (Kim & Froerer, 2018)
Narrative citation: Kim and Froerer (2018)

When the PDF of an electronic book chapter is paginated starting with page 1, which is known to differ from the pagination in the hard-copy version of the book, omit the page range in the reference.
If citing quotations from the electronic version, use the page numbers from the PDF even though they do not correspond to page numbers in the hard copy.
This guidance is from the APA Style Experts (personal communication, April 29, 2022).

Chapters in multivolume edited books – no volume titles

Chapter Author, A. A., & Chapter Author, B. B. (Year). Title of chapter: Subtitle of chapter. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editor (Eds.), Title of book: Subtitle of book (#th ed., Vol. #, pp. firstpage#–lastpage#). Publisher. DOI OR URL OR nothing

Casida, J. E. (2010). Pest toxicology: The primary mechanisms of pesticide action. In R. Krieger (Ed.),Hayes’ handbook of pesticide toxicology (3rd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 103–117). Academic Press.

Potter, W. J. (2014). Patterns in the use of theory in media effects research. In R. S. Fortner & P. M. Fackler (Eds.), The handbook of media and mass communication theory (Vol. 1, pp. 95–114). Wiley.

Parenthetical citations: (Casida, 2010; Potter, 2014)
Narrative citations: Casida (2010) and Potter (2014)

If the volume is untitled, include the volume number in parentheses after the book title.

Chapters in multivolume edited books – with volume titles

Chapter Author, A. A., & Chapter Author, B. B. (Year). Title of chapter: Subtitle of chapter. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editor (Eds.), Title of book: Subtitle of book: Vol. #. Title of volume: Subitle of volume (#th ed., pp. firstpage#–lastpage#). Publisher. DOI OR URL OR nothing

Dorian, N. C. (2011). The ambiguous arithmetic of language maintenance and revitalization. In J. A. Fishman & O. García (Eds.), Handbook of language & ethnic identity: Vol. 2. The success-failure continuum in language and ethnic identity efforts (pp. 461–471). Oxford University Press.

Haith, M. M., & Benson, J. B. (1998). Infant cognition. In D. Kuhn & R. Siegler (Vol. Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 2. Cognition, perception, and language (5th ed., pp. 199–254). John Wiley & Sons.

Parenthetical citations: (Dorian, 2011; Haith & Benson, 1998)
Narrative citations: Dorian (2011) and Haith and Benson (1998)

If the volume has both series editors (or editors-in-chief) and volume editors, only the volume editors appear in the reference.

Whole authored books

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (with Author, C. C., & Author, D. D.). (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book (#th ed.). Publisher. DOI OR URL OR nothing

Bolstad, R., & Gilbert, J. (with McDowall, S., Bull, A., Boyd, S., & Hipkins, R.). (2012). Supporting future-oriented learning and teaching: A New Zealand perspective: Report prepared for the Ministry of Education. Ministry of Education. https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/publications/schooling/109306

Morgan, G. (with McCrystal, J.). (2009). After the panic: Surviving bad investments and bad advice. Random House New Zealand.

Parenthetical citations: (Bolstad & Gilbert, 2012, pp. 17–25; Morgan, 2009, p. 37)
Narrative citations: Bolstad and Gilbert (2012, pp. 17–25) and Morgan (2009, p. 37)

Edited book chapters

Chapter Author, A. A., & Chapter Author, B. B. (with Chapter Author, C. C., & Chapter Author, D. D.). (Year). Title of chapter: Subtitle of chapter. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editor (Eds.), Title of book: Subtitle of book (#th ed., pp. firstpage#–lastpage#). Publisher. DOI OR URL OR nothing

Plummeridge, C. (with Adams, P.). (2001). Beyond the classroom. In C. Philpott (Ed.), Learning to teach music in the secondary school: A companion to school experience (pp. 222–237). RoutledgeFalmer.

Parenthetical citation: (Plummeridge, 2001)
Narrative citation: Plummeridge (2001)

This format is also used when a person other than the original author has added a new part to the work, such as a foreword or introduction. See Book published with new foreword by another author (APA Style website).

Whole authored books

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book (#th ed.). Publisher. DOI OR URL OR nothing

Varela, F. J., Thompson, E., & Rosch, E. (with Kabat-Zinn, J.). (2016). The embodied mind: Cognitive science and human experience (Rev. ed.). The MIT Press.

Witten, I. H., Frank, E., & Hall, M. A. (2011). Data mining: Practical machine learning tools and techniques (3rd ed.). Morgan Kaufmann.

Parenthetical citations: (Varela et al., 2016, p. 142; Witten et al., 2011, pp. 218–225)
Narrative citations: Varela et al. ... (2016, p. 142) and Witten et al. ... (2011, pp. 218–225)

Edited book chapters

Tapsell, R., Thomson, H. D., & Hughes, K. (2009). Māori culture & health. In I. St George (Ed.), Cole’s medical practice in New Zealand (2009 ed., rev. and updated, pp. 61–66). Medical Council of New Zealand.

Parenthetical citation: (Tapsell et al., 2009)
Narrative citation: Tapsell et al. (2009)

The edition number is placed after the title of the work.
There is no full stop between the title and the edition number.
Omit the edition number if it is the first edition.
A revised edition, second revised edition and so on appears as (Rev. ed.), (2nd rev. ed.) and so on.

Whole authored multivolume book – no volume titles

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book (#th ed., Vol. #). Publisher. DOI OR URL OR nothing

Ilčev, S. D. (2019). Global satellite meteorological observation (GSMO) applications (Vol. 1). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67047-8

Parenthetical citation: (Ilčev, 2019, pp. 333–345)
Narrative citation: Ilčev (2019, pp. 333–345)

Whole authored multivolume book – with volume titles

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year).Title of book: Subtitle of book: Vol. #. Volume title: Volume subtitle (#th ed.). Publisher. DOI OR URL OR nothing

Russell, N. (2019). Understanding willing participants: Vol. 2. Milgram’s obedience experiments and the Holocaust. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97999-1

Parenthetical citation: (Russell, 2019, pp. 67–79)
Narrative citation: Russell (2019, pp. 67–79)

Chapters in multivolume edited books

See the Edited Book Chapters section.

Whole authored books

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book (#th ed.). First Publisher; Second Publisher; Third Publisher; and so on. DOI OR URL OR nothing

Zirpoli, T. J. (2008). Behavior management: Applications for teachers (5th ed.). Pearson; Merrill Prentice Hall.

Parenthetical citation: (Zirpoli, 2008, Chapter 4)
Narrative citation: Zirpoli (2008, Chapter 4)
See also the section on Citing a Part of a Source.

Edited book chapters

Pihama, L. (2015). Kaupapa Māori theory: Transforming theory in Aotearoa. In L. Pihama, S.-J. Tiakiwai, & K. Southey (Eds.), Kaupapa rangahau: A reader: A collection of readings from the kaupapa rangahau workshop series (2nd ed., pp. 5–15). Te Matenga Punenga o Te Kotahi, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato; Waikato-Tainui College for Research and Development; Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga. https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/server/api/core/bitstreams/c6c30d8a-c0cb-4edf-b16d-dafa1908f011/content

Parenthetical citation: (Pihama, 2015)
Narrative citation: Pihama (2015)

“With” publishers

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book (#th ed.). Main Publisher (with Secondary Publisher). DOI OR URL OR nothing

Beattie, J. H. (1994). Traditional lifeways of the Southern Maori: The Otago University Museum ethnological project, 1920 (A. Anderson, Ed.). University of Otago Press (with Otago Museum).

Carrington, H. (with O’Regan, T., Tau, T. M., & Anderson, A.). (2008). Ngāi Tahu: A migration history: The Carrington text (T. M. Tau & A. Anderson, Eds.). Bridget Williams Books (with Te Rūnanga o Ngai Tāhu).

Parenthetical citation: (Beattie, 1994, p. 455; Carrington, 2008, Chapter 4)
Narrative citation: Beattie (1994, p. 455) and Carrington (2008, Chapter 4)

If a book differentiates a secondary publisher from the main publisher, indicate this by the designation “with” in parentheses in the publisher area of the reference.
In the Beattie (1994) book, the publishers are written as “University of Otago Press in association with Otago Museum”. The publishers are listed in a similar way in the Carrington (2008) book.
Although not specified in the APA 7th Manual, this guidance on “with” publishers is recommended by the APA Style Experts (personal communication, December 14, 2022).
See also the section on Citing a Part of a Source.

A work in an anthology is referenced like a chapter in an edited book:

The work author and work title appear at the beginning of the reference, followed by information about the anthology.
Because the work is republished, the publication date of the anthology and the original publication date of the work are included in the reference entry and in-text citation.

A work in an anthology

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of work: Subtitle of work. In E. E. Editor (Ed.), Title of book: Subtitle of book (#th ed., pp. firstpage#–lastpage#). Publisher. DOI OR URL OR nothing (Original work published OriginalYear)

James, H. (1992). The friends of the friends. In T. J. Lustig (Ed.), The turn of the screw and other stories (pp. 79–111). Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1909)

Parenthetical citation: (James, 1909/1992)
Narrative citation: James (1909/1992)

If an anthology has no editor, simply omit this element

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of work: Subtitle of work. In Title of book: Subtitle of book (#th ed., pp. firstpage#–lastpage#). Publisher. DOI OR URL OR nothing (Original work published OriginalYear)

Mahy, M., & Elliot, D. (2017). The remarkable cake. In Summer days: Stories and poems celebrating the Kiwi summer (pp. 116–117). Puffin. (Original work published 1977)

Parenthetical citation: (Mahy & Elliot, 1977/2017)
Narrative citation: Mahy and Elliot (1977/2017)

A work in an anthology ascribed to an author and without an editor

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work: Subtitle of work. In A. A. Author, Title of book: Subtitle of book (#th ed., pp. firstpage#–lastpage#). Publisher. DOI OR URL OR nothing (Original work published OriginalYear)

Nagelkerke, B. (2016). Changed forever. In B. Nagelkerke, The tattooed sisters, and other stories (pp. 39–48). (Original work published 2003)

Parenthetical citation: (Nagelkerke, 2003/2016)
Narrative citation: Nagelkerke (2003/2016)

Format: It is best to reference and cite the work in a similar way to other anthologies, whereby the author appears as both the work author and the anthology author.
Publisher: The publisher element is omitted when the author and publisher are the same.

Although not specified in the APA 7th Manual, this guidance on anthologies is endorsed by the APA Style Experts (personal communication, February 25, 2020).

In this section:

The illustrations are essential to the content
Wordless picture books and graphic novels
The illustrations are supplementary

The illustrations are essential to the content

For books in which the illustrations are essential to the content (for example, children’s picture books):

Include both the author and the illustrator in the reference if both are given credit on the title page or cover.
List illustrator names in parentheses after the title, followed by the abbreviation Illus.

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book (I. I. Illustrator, Illus.; #th ed.). Publisher. DOI OR URL OR nothing

Cowley, J. (2010). Fly pie (P. Webb, Illus.). Scholastic.

Parenthetical citation: (Cowley, 2010)
Narrative citation: Cowley (2010)

On the title page: “written by Joy Cowley, illustrated by Philip Webb”.

Wordless picture books and graphic novels

The author-illustrators have the creative role of telling a story without words and so are treated as authors in the reference.

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book (#th ed.). Publisher. DOI OR URL OR nothing

Becker, A. (2013). Journey. Candlewick Press.

Parenthetical citation: (Becker, 2013)
Narrative citation: Becker (2013)

The illustrations are supplementary

For books in which the illustrations are supplementary rather than essential, it is unnecessary to credit the illustrator.

If you are writing specifically about the illustrations, use the normal reference format and in-text citation. Simply refer to the illustrator in your narrative.

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book (#th ed.). Publisher. DOI OR URL OR nothing

Carroll, L. (1993). Alice’s adventures in Wonderland. Dover. (Original work published 1865)

Example narrative in text: Sir John Tenniel’s illustrations are excellent examples of surreal art from the 1800s (Carroll, 1865/1993).

Although not specified in the APA 7th Manual, the guidance here on illustrated books conforms with Children’s Book or Other Illustrated Book References (APA Style website) and advice from the APA Style Experts (personal communication, April 10, 2020).

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book (T. T. Translator, Trans.; #th ed.). Publisher. DOI OR URL OR nothing (Original work published OriginalYear)

Freire, P. (1996).Pedagogy of the oppressed (M. B. Ramos, Trans.; Rev. ed.). Penguin. (Original work published 1968)

Plato. (1921). Plato in twelve volumes: Vol. 12. Cratylus, Theaetetus, Sophist, Statesman (H. N. Fowler, Trans.). Harvard University Press; William Heinemann. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.01.0171%3atext%3dTheaet. (Original work published ca. 369 B.C.E.)

Plato. (2015). The republic (B. Jowett, Trans.). First Avenue Editions. (Original work published ca. 380 B.C.E.)

Parenthetical citations: (Freire, 1968/1996, pp. 257–266; Plato, ca. 369 B.C.E./1921, Theaetetus 162, ca. 380 B.C.E./2015, Book 5)
Narrative citations: Freire (1968/1996, pp. 257–266) and Plato (ca. 369 B.C.E./1921, Theaetetus 162, ca. 380 B.C.E./2015, Book 5)

For classical or religious works with canonically numbered parts common across editions (books, chapters, verses, lines, cantos and so forth), cite the part instead of a page number.
- See also Citing Classical and Religious Works (APA Style Blog).

Editor, E. E. (Ed.). (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book (#th ed.). Publisher. DOI OR URL OR nothing

Editor, E. E., & Editor, F. F. (Eds.). (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book (#th ed.). Publisher. DOI OR URL OR nothing

Scott, C. R., & Lewis, L. (Eds.). (2017). The international encyclopedia of organizational communication. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118955567

Parenthetical citation in text narrative: A broad range of research indicates … (Scott & Lewis, 2017)
Narrative citation in text narrative: Many articles in Scott and Lewis (2017) …

Reference and cite a whole edited book in this way to direct readers to a relevant reference work.
The more common situation, however, is to cite encyclopedia and dictionary entries and edited book chapters individually.